Time density and frequency density determination of phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS) in new radio (NR) systems

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of a User Equipment (UE), Next Generation Node-B (gNB) and methods of communication are generally described herein. The UE may receive an information element (IE) that includes: a higher layer parameter that indicates a plurality of modulation and coding scheme (MCS) thresholds; and another higher layer parameter that includes a plurality of resource block (RB) thresholds. The UE may determine a time density of phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) to be transmitted by the UE based at least partly on a comparison between a MCS and the plurality of MCS thresholds. The UE may determine a frequency density of the PT-RS based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled bandwidth and the plurality of RB thresholds. The UE may encode the PT-RS for transmission in accordance with the determined time density and the determined frequency density.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/616,846, filed Jan. 12, 2018, [reference number AA7911-Z], and a continuation of International Application No. PCT/CN2018/083058, filed Apr. 13, 2018, [reference number AB0483-PCT-Z], both of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments relate to cellular communication networks including 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) networks, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks, 3GPP LTE-A (LTE Advanced) networks, New Radio (NR) networks, and 5G networks, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. Some embodiments relate to phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS).

BACKGROUND

Base stations and mobile devices operating in a cellular network may exchange data. As demand for mobile services and high data rates increases, various challenges related to reliability and capacity may arise. In an example scenario, a large number of users may demand access to the network. In another example scenario, performance requirements may be more demanding for new systems and/or new applications in comparison to legacy systems and/or legacy applications. Various techniques used in these and other scenarios may become challenging, including exchanging of control information and/or performance information between the base stations and mobile devices. Accordingly, there is a general need for methods to enable such techniques in these and other scenarios.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a functional diagram of an example network in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 1B is a functional diagram of another example network in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates a user device in accordance with some aspects;

FIG. 4 illustrates a base station in accordance with some aspects;

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary communication circuitry according to some aspects;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a radio frame structure in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B illustrate example frequency resources in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates the operation of a method of communication in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates the operation of another method of communication in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates example operations in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

FIG. 1A is a functional diagram of an example network in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 1B is a functional diagram of another example network in accordance with some embodiments. In references herein, “FIG. 1” may include FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. In some embodiments, the network 100 may be a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network. In some embodiments, the network 150 may be a 3GPP network. In a non-limiting example, the network 150 may be a new radio (NR) network. It should be noted that embodiments are not limited to usage of 3GPP networks, however, as other networks may be used in some embodiments. As an example, a Fifth Generation (5G) network may be used in some cases. As another example, a New Radio (NR) network may be used in some cases. As another example, a wireless local area network (WLAN) may be used in some cases. Embodiments are not limited to these example networks, however, as other networks may be used in some embodiments. In some embodiments, a network may include one or more components shown in FIG. 1A. Some embodiments may not necessarily include all components shown in FIG. 1A, and some embodiments may include additional components not shown in FIG. 1A. In some embodiments, a network may include one or more components shown in FIG. 1B. Some embodiments may not necessarily include all components shown in FIG. 1B, and some embodiments may include additional components not shown in FIG. 1B. In some embodiments, a network may include one or more components shown in FIG. 1A and one or more components shown in FIG. 1B. In some embodiments, a network may include one or more components shown in FIG. 1A, one or more components shown in FIG. 1B and one or more additional components.

The network 100 may comprise a radio access network (RAN) 101 and the core network 120 (e.g., shown as an evolved packet core (EPC)) coupled together through an S1 interface 115. For convenience and brevity sake, only a portion of the core network 120, as well as the RAN 101, is shown. In a non-limiting example, the RAN 101 may be an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). In another non-limiting example, the RAN 101 may include one or more components of a New Radio (NR) network. In another non-limiting example, the RAN 101 may include one or more components of an E-UTRAN and one or more components of another network (including but not limited to an NR network).

The core network 120 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 122, a serving gateway (serving GW) 124, and packet data network gateway (PDN GW) 126. In some embodiments, the network 100 may include (and/or support) one or more Evolved Node-B's (eNBs) 104 (which may operate as base stations) for communicating with User Equipment (UE) 102. The eNBs 104 may include macro eNBs and low power (LP) eNBs, in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, the network 100 may include (and/or support) one or more Next Generation Node-B's (gNBs) 105. In some embodiments, one or more eNBs 104 may be configured to operate as gNBs 105. Embodiments are not limited to the number of eNBs 104 shown in FIG. 1A or to the number of gNBs 105 shown in FIG. 1A. In some embodiments, the network 100 may not necessarily include eNBs 104. Embodiments are also not limited to the connectivity of components shown in FIG. 1A.

It should be noted that references herein to an eNB 104 or to a gNB 105 are not limiting. In some embodiments, one or more operations, methods and/or techniques (such as those described herein) may be practiced by a base station component (and/or other component), including but not limited to a gNB 105, an eNB 104, a serving cell, a transmit receive point (TRP) and/or other. In some embodiments, the base station component may be configured to operate in accordance with a New Radio (NR) protocol and/or NR standard, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the base station component may be configured to operate in accordance with a Fifth Generation (5G) protocol and/or 5G standard, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, one or more of the UEs 102, gNBs 105, and/or eNBs 104 may be configured to operate in accordance with an NR protocol and/or NR techniques. References to a UE 102, eNB 104, and/or gNB 105 as part of descriptions herein are not limiting. For instance, descriptions of one or more operations, techniques and/or methods practiced by a gNB 105 are not limiting. In some embodiments, one or more of those operations, techniques and/or methods may be practiced by an eNB 104 and/or other base station component.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may transmit signals (data, control and/or other) to the gNB 105, and may receive signals (data, control and/or other) from the gNB 105. In some embodiments, the UE 102 may transmit signals (data, control and/or other) to the eNB 104, and may receive signals (data, control and/or other) from the eNB 104. These embodiments will be described in more detail below.

The MME 122 is similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving GPRS Support Nodes (SGSN). The MME 122 manages mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. The serving GW 124 terminates the interface toward the RAN 101, and routes data packets between the RAN 101 and the core network 120. In addition, it may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-eNB handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. The serving GW 124 and the MME 122 may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes. The PDN GW 126 terminates an SGi interface toward the packet data network (PDN). The PDN GW 126 routes data packets between the EPC 120 and the external PDN, and may be a key node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. It may also provide an anchor point for mobility with non-LTE accesses. The external PDN can be any kind of IP network, as well as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) domain. The PDN GW 126 and the serving GW 124 may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes.

In some embodiments, the eNBs 104 (macro and micro) terminate the air interface protocol and may be the first point of contact for a UE 102. In some embodiments, an eNB 104 may fulfill various logical functions for the network 100, including but not limited to RNC (radio network controller functions) such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.

In some embodiments, UEs 102 may be configured to communicate Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with an eNB 104 and/or gNB 105 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication technique. In some embodiments, eNBs 104 and/or gNBs 105 may be configured to communicate OFDM communication signals with a UE 102 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with an OFDMA communication technique. The OFDM signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

The S1 interface 115 is the interface that separates the RAN 101 and the EPC 120. It may be split into two parts: the S1-U, which carries traffic data between the eNBs 104 and the serving GW 124, and the S1-MME, which is a signaling interface between the eNBs 104 and the MME 122. The X2 interface is the interface between eNBs 104. The X2 interface comprises two parts, the X2-C and X2-U. The X2-C is the control plane interface between the eNBs 104, while the X2-U is the user plane interface between the eNBs 104.

In some embodiments, similar functionality and/or connectivity described for the eNB 104 may be used for the gNB 105, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. In a non-limiting example, the S1 interface 115 (and/or similar interface) may be split into two parts: the S1-U, which carries traffic data between the gNBs 105 and the serving GW 124, and the S1-MME, which is a signaling interface between the gNBs 104 and the MME 122. The X2 interface (and/or similar interface) may enable communication between eNBs 104, communication between gNBs 105 and/or communication between an eNB 104 and a gNB 105.

With cellular networks, LP cells are typically used to extend coverage to indoor areas where outdoor signals do not reach well, or to add network capacity in areas with very dense phone usage, such as train stations. As used herein, the term low power (LP) eNB refers to any suitable relatively low power eNB for implementing a narrower cell (narrower than a macro cell) such as a femtocell, a picocell, or a micro cell. Femtocell eNBs are typically provided by a mobile network operator to its residential or enterprise customers. A femtocell is typically the size of a residential gateway or smaller and generally connects to the user's broadband line. Once plugged in, the femtocell connects to the mobile operator's mobile network and provides extra coverage in a range of typically 30 to 50 meters for residential femtocells. Thus, a LP eNB might be a femtocell eNB since it is coupled through the PDN GW 126. Similarly, a picocell is a wireless communication system typically covering a small area, such as in-building (offices, shopping malls, train stations, etc.), or more recently in-aircraft. A picocell eNB can generally connect through the X2 link to another eNB such as a macro eNB through its base station controller (BSC) functionality. Thus, LP eNB may be implemented with a picocell eNB since it is coupled to a macro eNB via an X2 interface. Picocell eNBs or other LP eNBs may incorporate some or all functionality of a macro eNB. In some cases, this may be referred to as an access point base station or enterprise femtocell. In some embodiments, various types of gNBs 105 may be used, including but not limited to one or more of the eNB types described above.

In some embodiments, the network 150 may include one or more components configured to operate in accordance with one or more 3GPP standards, including but not limited to an NR standard. The network 150 shown in FIG. 1B may include a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) 155, which may include one or more gNBs 105. In some embodiments, the network 150 may include the E-UTRAN 160, which may include one or more eNBs. The E-UTRAN 160 may be similar to the RAN 101 described herein, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the network 150 may include the MME 165. The MME 165 may be similar to the MME 122 described herein, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. The MME 165 may perform one or more operations or functionality similar to those described herein regarding the MME 122, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the network 150 may include the SGW 170. The SGW 170 may be similar to the SGW 124 described herein, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. The SGW 170 may perform one or more operations or functionality similar to those described herein regarding the SGW 124, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the network 150 may include component(s) and/or module(s) for functionality for a user plane function (UPF) and user plane functionality for PGW (PGW-U), as indicated by 175. In some embodiments, the network 150 may include component(s) and/or module(s) for functionality for a session management function (SMF) and control plane functionality for PGW (PGW-C), as indicated by 180. In some embodiments, the component(s) and/or module(s) indicated by 175 and/or 180 may be similar to the PGW 126 described herein, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. The component(s) and/or module(s) indicated by 175 and/or 180 may perform one or more operations or functionality similar to those described herein regarding the PGW 126, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. One or both of the components 170, 172 may perform at least a portion of the functionality described herein for the PGW 126, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

Embodiments are not limited to the number or type of components shown in FIG. 1B. Embodiments are also not limited to the connectivity of components shown in FIG. 1B.

In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid may be used for downlink transmissions from an eNB 104 to a UE 102, while uplink transmission from the UE 102 to the eNB 104 may utilize similar techniques. In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid may be used for downlink transmissions from a gNB 105 to a UE 102, while uplink transmission from the UE 102 to the gNB 105 may utilize similar techniques. The grid may be a time-frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot. Such a time-frequency plane representation is a common practice for OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation. Each column and each row of the resource grid correspond to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted as a resource element (RE). There are several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks. With particular relevance to this disclosure, two of these physical downlink channels are the physical downlink shared channel and the physical down link control channel.

As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine in accordance with some embodiments. The machine 200 is an example machine upon which any one or more of the techniques and/or methodologies discussed herein may be performed. In alternative embodiments, the machine 200 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 200 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 200 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The machine 200 may be a UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, access point (AP), station (STA), user, device, mobile device, base station, personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer cluster configurations.

Examples as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In an example, circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module. In an example, the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations. In an example, the software may reside on a machine readable medium. In an example, the software, when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.

Accordingly, the term “module” is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein. Considering examples in which modules are temporarily configured, each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time. For example, where the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processor configured using software, the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 200 may include a hardware processor 202 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 204 and a static memory 206, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 208. The machine 200 may further include a display unit 210, an alphanumeric input device 212 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 214 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display unit 210, input device 212 and UI navigation device 214 may be a touch screen display. The machine 200 may additionally include a storage device (e.g., drive unit) 216, a signal generation device 218 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 220, and one or more sensors 221, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine 200 may include an output controller 228, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).

The storage device 216 may include a machine readable medium 222 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 224 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 224 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 204, within static memory 206, or within the hardware processor 202 during execution thereof by the machine 200. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 202, the main memory 204, the static memory 206, or the storage device 216 may constitute machine readable media. In some embodiments, the machine readable medium may be or may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, the machine readable medium may be or may include a computer-readable storage medium.

While the machine readable medium 222 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 224. The term “machine readable medium” may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 200 and that cause the machine 200 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. In some examples, machine readable media may include non-transitory machine readable media. In some examples, machine readable media may include machine readable media that is not a transitory propagating signal.

The instructions 224 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 226 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 220 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In an example, the network interface device 220 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 226. In an example, the network interface device 220 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. In some examples, the network interface device 220 may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques. The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 200, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.

FIG. 3 illustrates a user device in accordance with some aspects. In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be a mobile device. In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be or may be configured to operate as a User Equipment (UE). In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be arranged to operate in accordance with a new radio (NR) protocol. In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be arranged to operate in accordance with a Third Generation Partnership Protocol (3GPP) protocol. The user device 300 may be suitable for use as a UE 102 as depicted in FIG. 1, in some embodiments. It should be noted that in some embodiments, a UE, an apparatus of a UE, a user device or an apparatus of a user device may include one or more of the components shown in one or more of FIGS. 2, 3, and 5. In some embodiments, such a UE, user device and/or apparatus may include one or more additional components.

In some aspects, the user device 300 may include an application processor 305, baseband processor 310 (also referred to as a baseband module), radio front end module (RFEM) 315, memory 320, connectivity module 325, near field communication (NFC) controller 330, audio driver 335, camera driver 340, touch screen 345, display driver 350, sensors 355, removable memory 360, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 365 and smart battery 370. In some aspects, the user device 300 may be a User Equipment (UE).

In some aspects, application processor 305 may include, for example, one or more CPU cores and one or more of cache memory, low drop-out voltage regulators (LDOs), interrupt controllers, serial interfaces such as serial peripheral interface (SPI), inter-integrated circuit (I²C) or universal programmable serial interface module, real time clock (RTC), timer-counters including interval and watchdog timers, general purpose input-output (IO), memory card controllers such as secure digital/multi-media card (SD/MMC) or similar, universal serial bus (USB) interfaces, mobile industry processor interface (MIPI) interfaces and Joint Test Access Group (JTAG) test access ports.

In some aspects, baseband module 310 may be implemented, for example, as a solder-down substrate including one or more integrated circuits, a single packaged integrated circuit soldered to a main circuit board, and/or a multi-chip module containing two or more integrated circuits.

FIG. 4 illustrates a base station in accordance with some aspects. In some embodiments, the base station 400 may be or may be configured to operate as an Evolved Node-B (eNB). In some embodiments, the base station 400 may be or may be configured to operate as a Next Generation Node-B (gNB). In some embodiments, the base station 400 may be arranged to operate in accordance with a new radio (NR) protocol. In some embodiments, the base station 400 may be arranged to operate in accordance with a Third Generation Partnership Protocol (3GPP) protocol. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the base station 400 may be a stationary non-mobile device. The base station 400 may be suitable for use as an eNB 104 as depicted in FIG. 1, in some embodiments. The base station 400 may be suitable for use as a gNB 105 as depicted in FIG. 1, in some embodiments. It should be noted that in some embodiments, an eNB, an apparatus of an eNB, a gNB, an apparatus of a gNB, a base station and/or an apparatus of a base station may include one or more of the components shown in one or more of FIGS. 2, 4, and 5. In some embodiments, such an eNB, gNB, base station and/or apparatus may include one or more additional components.

FIG. 4 illustrates a base station or infrastructure equipment radio head 400 in accordance with some aspects. The base station 400 may include one or more of application processor 405, baseband modules 410, one or more radio front end modules 415, memory 420, power management circuitry 425, power tee circuitry 430, network controller 435, network interface connector 440, satellite navigation receiver module 445, and user interface 450. In some aspects, the base station 400 may be an Evolved Node-B (eNB), which may be arranged to operate in accordance with a 3GPP protocol, new radio (NR) protocol and/or Fifth Generation (5G) protocol. In some aspects, the base station 400 may be a Next Generation Node-B (gNB), which may be arranged to operate in accordance with a 3GPP protocol, new radio (NR) protocol and/or Fifth Generation (5G) protocol.

In some aspects, application processor 405 may include one or more CPU cores and one or more of cache memory, low drop-out voltage regulators (LDOs), interrupt controllers, serial interfaces such as SPI, I²C or universal programmable serial interface module, real time clock (RTC), timer-counters including interval and watchdog timers, general purpose IO, memory card controllers such as SD/MMC or similar, USB interfaces, MIPI interfaces and Joint Test Access Group (JTAG) test access ports.

In some aspects, baseband processor 410 may be implemented, for example, as a solder-down substrate including one or more integrated circuits, a single packaged integrated circuit soldered to a main circuit board or a multi-chip module containing two or more integrated circuits.

In some aspects, memory 420 may include one or more of volatile memory including dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and/or synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), and nonvolatile memory (NVM) including high-speed electrically erasable memory (commonly referred to as Flash memory), phase change random access memory (PRAM), magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) and/or a three-dimensional cross-point memory. Memory 420 may be implemented as one or more of solder down packaged integrated circuits, socketed memory modules and plug-in memory cards.

In some aspects, power management integrated circuitry 425 may include one or more of voltage regulators, surge protectors, power alarm detection circuitry and one or more backup power sources such as a battery or capacitor. Power alarm detection circuitry may detect one or more of brown out (under-voltage) and surge (over-voltage) conditions.

In some aspects, power tee circuitry 430 may provide for electrical power drawn from a network cable to provide both power supply and data connectivity to the base station 400 using a single cable. In some aspects, network controller 435 may provide connectivity to a network using a standard network interface protocol such as Ethernet. Network connectivity may be provided using a physical connection which is one of electrical (commonly referred to as copper interconnect), optical or wireless.

In some aspects, satellite navigation receiver module 445 may include circuitry to receive and decode signals transmitted by one or more navigation satellite constellations such as the global positioning system (GPS), Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS), Galileo and/or BeiDou. The receiver 445 may provide data to application processor 405 which may include one or more of position data or time data. Application processor 405 may use time data to synchronize operations with other radio base stations. In some aspects, user interface 450 may include one or more of physical or virtual buttons, such as a reset button, one or more indicators such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a display screen.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary communication circuitry according to some aspects. Circuitry 500 is alternatively grouped according to functions. Components as shown in 500 are shown here for illustrative purposes and may include other components not shown here in FIG. 5. In some aspects, the communication circuitry 500 may be used for millimeter wave communication, although aspects are not limited to millimeter wave communication. Communication at any suitable frequency may be performed by the communication circuitry 500 in some aspects.

It should be noted that a device, such as a UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, the user device 300, the base station 400, the machine 200 and/or other device may include one or more components of the communication circuitry 500, in some aspects.

The communication circuitry 500 may include protocol processing circuitry 505, which may implement one or more of medium access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio resource control (RRC) and non-access stratum (NAS) functions. Protocol processing circuitry 505 may include one or more processing cores (not shown) to execute instructions and one or more memory structures (not shown) to store program and data information.

The communication circuitry 500 may further include digital baseband circuitry 510, which may implement physical layer (PHY) functions including one or more of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) functions, scrambling and/or descrambling, coding and/or decoding, layer mapping and/or de-mapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol and/or bit metric determination, multi-antenna port pre-coding and/or decoding which may include one or more of space-time, space-frequency or spatial coding, reference signal generation and/or detection, preamble sequence generation and/or decoding, synchronization sequence generation and/or detection, control channel signal blind decoding, and other related functions.

The communication circuitry 500 may further include transmit circuitry 515, receive circuitry 520 and/or antenna array circuitry 530. The communication circuitry 500 may further include radio frequency (RF) circuitry 525. In an aspect of the disclosure, RF circuitry 525 may include multiple parallel RF chains for one or more of transmit or receive functions, each connected to one or more antennas of the antenna array 530.

In an aspect of the disclosure, protocol processing circuitry 505 may include one or more instances of control circuitry (not shown) to provide control functions for one or more of digital baseband circuitry 510, transmit circuitry 515, receive circuitry 520, and/or radio frequency circuitry 525.

In some embodiments, processing circuitry may perform one or more operations described herein and/or other operation(s). In a non-limiting example, the processing circuitry may include one or more components such as the processor 202, application processor 305, baseband module 310, application processor 405, baseband module 410, protocol processing circuitry 505, digital baseband circuitry 510, similar component(s) and/or other component(s).

In some embodiments, a transceiver may transmit one or more elements (including but not limited to those described herein) and/or receive one or more elements (including but not limited to those described herein). In a non-limiting example, the transceiver may include one or more components such as the radio front end module 315, radio front end module 415, transmit circuitry 515, receive circuitry 520, radio frequency circuitry 525, similar component(s) and/or other component(s).

One or more antennas (such as 230, 312, 412, 530 and/or others) may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, one or more of the antennas (such as 230, 312, 412, 530 and/or others) may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.

In some embodiments, the UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, user device 300, base station 400, machine 200 and/or other device described herein may be a mobile device and/or portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a wearable device such as a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), or other device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly. In some embodiments, the UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, user device 300, base station 400, machine 200 and/or other device described herein may be configured to operate in accordance with 3GPP standards, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, user device 300, base station 400, machine 200 and/or other device described herein may be configured to operate in accordance with new radio (NR) standards, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, user device 300, base station 400, machine 200 and/or other device described herein may be configured to operate according to other protocols or standards, including IEEE 802.11 or other IEEE standards. In some embodiments, the UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, user device 300, base station 400, machine 200 and/or other device described herein may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.

Although the UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, user device 300, base station 400, machine 200 and/or other device described herein may each be illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media. Some embodiments may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device.

It should be noted that in some embodiments, an apparatus of the UE 102, eNB 104, gNB 105, machine 200, user device 300 and/or base station 400 may include various components shown in FIGS. 2-5. Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the UE 102 may be applicable to an apparatus of a UE. In addition, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the eNB 104 may be applicable to an apparatus of an eNB. In addition, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the gNB 105 may be applicable to an apparatus of a gNB.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a radio frame structure in accordance with some embodiments. FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate example frequency resources in accordance with some embodiments. In references herein, “FIG. 7” may include FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B. It should be noted that the examples shown in FIGS. 6-7 may illustrate some or all of the concepts and techniques described herein in some cases, but embodiments are not limited by the examples. For instance, embodiments are not limited by the name, number, type, size, ordering, arrangement and/or other aspects of the time resources, symbol periods, frequency resources, PRBs and other elements as shown in FIGS. 6-7. Although some of the elements shown in the examples of FIGS. 6-7 may be included in a 3GPP LTE standard, 5G standard, NR standard and/or other standard, embodiments are not limited to usage of such elements that are included in standards.

An example of a radio frame structure that may be used in some aspects is shown in FIG. 6. In this example, radio frame 600 has a duration of 10 ms. Radio frame 600 is divided into slots 602 each of duration 0.5 ms, and numbered from 0 to 19. Additionally, each pair of adjacent slots 602 numbered 2i and 2i+1, where i is an integer, is referred to as a subframe 601.

In some aspects using the radio frame format of FIG. 6, each subframe 601 may include a combination of one or more of downlink control information, downlink data information, uplink control information and uplink data information. The combination of information types and direction may be selected independently for each subframe 602.

Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, in some aspects, a sub-component of a transmitted signal consisting of one subcarrier in the frequency domain and one symbol interval in the time domain may be termed a resource element. Resource elements may be depicted in a grid form as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B.

In some aspects, illustrated in FIG. 7A, resource elements may be grouped into rectangular resource blocks 700 consisting of 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain and the P symbols in the time domain, where P may correspond to the number of symbols contained in one slot, and may be 6, 7, or any other suitable number of symbols.

In some alternative aspects, illustrated in FIG. 7B, resource elements may be grouped into resource blocks 700 consisting of 12 subcarriers (as indicated by 702) in the frequency domain and one symbol in the time domain. In the depictions of FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, each resource element 705 may be indexed as (k, 1) where k is the index number of subcarrier, in the range 0 to N.M-1 (as indicated by 703), where N is the number of subcarriers in a resource block, and M is the number of resource blocks spanning a component carrier in the frequency domain.

In accordance with some embodiments, an apparatus of a UE 102 may comprise memory. The apparatus may further comprise processing circuitry. The processing circuitry may be configured to, when transform precoding is not enabled, and if the UE 102 is configured with a higher layer parameter phaseTrackingRS in a DMRS-UplinkConfig information element (IE): decode, from a gNB 105, control signaling that includes a PTRS-UplinkConfig IE; determine a time density of phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) to be transmitted by the UE 102, the time density of the PT-RS determined based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a plurality of MCS thresholds; determine a frequency density of the PT-RS based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled bandwidth and a plurality of resource block (RB) thresholds, wherein a higher layer parameter timeDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE may indicate the plurality of MCS thresholds, wherein a higher layer parameter frequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE may indicate the plurality of RB thresholds; and encode the PT-RS, in accordance with the determined time density and the determined frequency density, for a transmission of an uplink control information (UCI) report on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) without uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) data. These embodiments are described in more detail below.

FIG. 8 illustrates the operation of a method of communication in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 9 illustrates the operation of another method of communication in accordance with some embodiments. It is important to note that embodiments of the methods 800, 900 may include additional or even fewer operations or processes in comparison to what is illustrated in FIGS. 8-9. In addition, embodiments of the methods 800, 900 are not necessarily limited to the chronological order that is shown in FIGS. 8-9. In describing the methods 800, 900, reference may be made to one or more figures, although it is understood that the methods 800, 900 may be practiced with any other suitable systems, interfaces and components.

In some embodiments, a UE 102 may perform one or more operations of the method 800, but embodiments are not limited to performance of the method 800 and/or operations of it by the UE 102. In some embodiments, another device and/or component may perform one or more operations of the method 800. In some embodiments, another device and/or component may perform one or more operations that may be similar to one or more operations of the method 800. In some embodiments, another device and/or component may perform one or more operations that may be reciprocal to one or more operations of the method 800. In a non-limiting example, the gNB 105 may perform an operation that may be the same as, similar to, reciprocal to and/or related to an operation of the method 800, in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, a gNB 105 may perform one or more operations of the method 900, but embodiments are not limited to performance of the method 900 and/or operations of it by the gNB 105. In some embodiments, another device and/or component may perform one or more operations of the method 900. In some embodiments, another device and/or component may perform one or more operations that may be similar to one or more operations of the method 900. In some embodiments, another device and/or component may perform one or more operations that may be reciprocal to one or more operations of the method 900. In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 may perform an operation that may be the same as, similar to, reciprocal to and/or related to an operation of the method 800, in some embodiments.

It should be noted that one or more operations of one of the methods 800, 900 may be the same as, similar to and/or reciprocal to one or more operations of the other method. For instance, an operation of the method 800 may be the same as, similar to and/or reciprocal to an operation of the method 900, in some embodiments. In a non-limiting example, an operation of the method 800 may include reception of an element (such as a frame, block, message and/or other) by the UE 102, and an operation of the method 900 may include transmission of a same element (and/or similar element) by the gNB 105. In some cases, descriptions of operations and techniques described as part of one of the methods 800, 900 may be relevant to the other method.

Discussion of various techniques and concepts regarding one of the methods 800, 900 and/or other method may be applicable to one of the other methods, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. Such technique and concepts may include phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS), time density of the PT-RS, parameters related to the time density of the PT-RS, frequency density of the PT-RS, parameters related to the frequency density of the PT-RS, antenna ports, quasi co-location, TCI, types of IEs, channel state information (CSI), CSI reports, CSI part 1, CSI part 2, DCI, DM-RS, PDSCH, PDCCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, uplink control information (UCI), transmission and/or reception of such elements, transmission of such elements, and/or other techniques/concepts.

The methods 800, 900 and other methods described herein may refer to eNBs 104, gNBs 105 and/or UEs 102 operating in accordance with 3GPP standards, 5G standards, NR standards and/or other standards. However, embodiments are not limited to performance of those methods by those components, and may also be performed by other devices, such as a Wi-Fi access point (AP) or user station (STA). In addition, the methods 800, 900 and other methods described herein may be practiced by wireless devices configured to operate in other suitable types of wireless communication systems, including systems configured to operate according to various IEEE standards such as IEEE 802.11. The methods 800, 900 may also be applicable to an apparatus of a UE 102, an apparatus of an eNB 104, an apparatus of a gNB 105 and/or an apparatus of another device described above.

It should also be noted that embodiments are not limited by references herein (such as in descriptions of the methods 800, 900 and/or other descriptions herein) to transmission, reception and/or exchanging of elements such as frames, messages, requests, indicators, signals or other elements. In some embodiments, such an element may be generated, encoded or otherwise processed by processing circuitry (such as by a baseband processor included in the processing circuitry) for transmission. The transmission may be performed by a transceiver or other component, in some cases. In some embodiments, such an element may be decoded, detected or otherwise processed by the processing circuitry (such as by the baseband processor). The element may be received by a transceiver or other component, in some cases. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry and the transceiver may be included in a same apparatus. The scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect, however, as the transceiver may be separate from the apparatus that comprises the processing circuitry, in some embodiments.

One or more of the elements (such as messages, operations and/or other) described herein may be included in a standard and/or protocol, including but not limited to Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), Fourth Generation (4G), Fifth Generation (5G), New Radio (NR) and/or other. The scope of embodiments is not limited to usage of elements that are included in standards, however.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may be arranged to operate in accordance with a new radio (NR) protocol. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may be arranged to operate in accordance with an NR protocol.

At operation 805, the UE 102 may receive downlink control information (DCI). In some embodiments, the UE 102 may receive multiple DCI, including DCI of different DCI formats. In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 may receive a first DCI, may then perform one or more operations of the method 800 and/or other operations, and may then receive a second DCI.

At operation 810, the UE 102 may receive control signaling. Examples of control signaling include, but are not limited to, radio resource control (RRC) signaling and higher layer signaling.

At operation 815, the UE 102 may determine a time density of phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS) to be transmitted by the UE 102 and/or a time spacing parameter of the PT-RS. At operation 820, the UE 102 may determine a frequency density of the PT-RS and/or a frequency spacing parameter of the PT-RS. At operation 825, the UE 102 may transmit the PT-RS. At operation 830, the UE 102 may refrain from transmission of the PT-RS.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may decode, from the gNB 105, control signaling that includes a PTRS-UplinkConfig IE. The UE 102 may determine a time density of PT-RS to be transmitted by the UE 102. In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 may determine the time density of the PT-RS based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a plurality of MCS thresholds. The UE 102 may determine a frequency density of the PT-RS. In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 may determine the frequency density of the PT-RS based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled bandwidth and a plurality of resource block (RB) thresholds. In a non-limiting example, a higher layer parameter timeDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE may indicate the plurality of MCS thresholds, and a higher layer parameter frequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE may indicate the plurality of RB thresholds. In some embodiments, the UE 102 may encode the PT-RS for transmission in accordance with the determined time density and the determined frequency density. One or more of the above operations (and/or other operations described herein) may be performed when transform precoding is not enabled, and if the UE is configured with a higher layer parameter phaseTrackingRS in a DMRS-UplinkConfig information element (IE), although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may determine a time spacing parameter. In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 may determine the time spacing parameter as: 4 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to a first MCS threshold and is less than a second MCS threshold; 2 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the second MCS threshold and is less than a third MCS threshold; and 1 symbol, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the third MCS threshold and is less than a fourth MCS threshold. The UE 102 may determine that the UE 102 is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold. Embodiments are not limited to the number of MCS thresholds, to the decision logic or to the values of the time spacing parameter given in the example above, as any suitable values/numbers may be used. In addition, other techniques may be used. One or more of the above operations may be performed as part of the determination of the time density of the PT-RS, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may determine a frequency spacing parameter. In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 may determine the frequency spacing parameter as: 2 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to a zeroth RB threshold and is less than a first RB threshold; and 4 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first RB threshold. The UE 102 may determine that the UE 102 is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth RB threshold. Embodiments are not limited to the number of RB thresholds, to the decision logic, or to the values of the frequency spacing parameter given in the example above, as any suitable values/numbers may be used. In addition, other techniques may be used. One or more of the above operations may be performed as part of the determination of the frequency density of the PT-RS, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may encode the PT-RS for transmission in accordance with the determined time spacing parameter and further in accordance with the determined frequency spacing parameter. In a non-limiting example, consecutive symbols that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of symbols of the time spacing parameter, and consecutive RBs that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of RBs of the frequency spacing parameter. In some embodiments, the UE 102 may refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if it is determined that the UE 102 is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS.

In some embodiments, if either or both of the higher layer parameters timeDensity and/or frequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE are configured, the UE 102 may determine a presence of antenna ports of the PT-RS and pattern as a function of the corresponding scheduled MCS and a scheduled bandwidth in a corresponding scheduled bandwidth, in accordance with: the determined time spacing parameter; the determined frequency spacing parameter; that the UE 102 is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold; that the UE 102 is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth MCS threshold.

In a non-limiting example, the MCS thresholds may be in a range of MCS-0 through MCS-28 or in a range of MCS-0 through MCS-29, and the RB thresholds may be in a range of one RB through 276 RBs. Embodiments are not limited by these example numbers, as any suitable MCSs may be used for the MCS thresholds and any suitable numbers of RBs may be used for the RB thresholds.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may receive, from the gNB 105, DCI and/or control signaling that indicates the scheduled MCS. In some embodiments, the UE 102 may receive, from the gNB 105, DCI and/or control signaling that indicates the scheduled bandwidth.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may receive, from the gNB 105, DCI that includes an uplink grant that indicates a code rate for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) without uplink shared (UL-SCH) data and a modulation order for the PUSCH without UL-SCH data. The UE 102 may determine the scheduled MCS based on the code rate and the modulation order of the DCI.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may encode the PT-RS, in accordance with the determined time density and the determined frequency density, the PT-RS encoded for transmission on the PUSCH without the UL-SCH data.

At operation 835, the UE 102 may encode a channel state information (CSI) part 1 transmission and/or a CSI part 2 transmission. In some embodiments, the UE 102 may encode the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission for transmission on a PUSCH without UL-SCH data, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may receive DCI that includes an uplink grant that indicates, for uplink transmission of a CSI report on a PUSCH without UL-SCH data, a code rate and a modulation order. The CSI report may include a CSI part 1 transmission and may be configurable to include the CSI part 2 transmission. The code rate and the modulation order indicated in the DCI may be for the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission. The UE 102 may determine the scheduled MCS based on the code rate and the modulation order indicated in the DCI. The UE 102 may encode the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission for transmission on the PUSCH without UL-SCH data in accordance with the determined time density and the determined frequency density.

In some embodiments, the CSI part 1 transmission may be configurable to include one or more fields of a first plurality of fields. In some embodiments, the CSI part 2 transmission may be configurable to include one or more fields of a second plurality of fields. In some embodiments, the first plurality of fields may be a predetermined plurality of fields, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the second plurality of fields may be a predetermined plurality of fields, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the fields that are included in the second plurality of fields may depend, at least partly, on which fields are included in the first plurality of fields, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the first plurality of fields may include one or more of: a CSI resource indicator (CRI), a rank indicator (RI), a wideband channel quality indicator (CQI) for a first transport block (TB) and/or other field(s). Embodiments are not limited to the fields described above, as the CSI part 1 transmission may include any suitable fields, including but not limited one or more of the above. In some embodiments, the second plurality of fields may include one or more of: a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a wideband CQI for a second TB and/or other field(s). Embodiments are not limited to the fields described above, as the CSI part 2 transmission may include any suitable fields, including but not limited one or more of the above.

At operation 840, the UE 102 may determine a quasi co-location type for demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). At operation 845, the UE 102 may detect and/or decode the PDCCH. At operation 850, the UE 102 may determine a quasi co-location type for DM-RS of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). At operation 855, the UE 102 may detect and/or decode the PDSCH.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may receive, from the gNB 105, control signaling that includes a PDSCH-Config information element (IE) that configures the UE 102 with a list of up to M Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states to decode a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) according to a detected physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with downlink control information (DCI) intended for the UE 102 and a given serving cell. The parameter M may depend on a capability of the UE 102. Each TCI state may include one or more parameters for configuring a quasi-colocation relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) ports of the PDSCH. The UE 102 may decode, from the gNB 105, DCI that indicates a TCI state, from the list of TCI states, to be used by the UE 102. The UE 102 may detect and/or decode the PDCCH, wherein for DM-RS of the PDCCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is one of: QCL-TypeA and QCL-TypeD. The UE 102 may detect and/or decode the PDSCH, wherein for DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is one of: QCL-TypeA and QCL-TypeD.

In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of the PDCCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is: QCL-TypeA with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSI-RS resource; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with a higher layer parameter repetition; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured without the higher layer parameter trs-Info and without the higher layer parameter repetition, when QCL-TypeD is not applicable. Embodiments are not limited to the logic given above, to the cases given above or to the QCL types given above.

In some embodiments, for the DM-RS of the PDCCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is: QCL-TypeA with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSI-RS resource; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with a higher layer parameter repetition; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured without the higher layer parameter trs-Info and without the higher layer parameter repetition and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSi-RS resource. Embodiments are not limited to the logic given above, to the cases given above or to the QCL types given above.

In some embodiments, if either CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS resource set or PT-RS is not configured, for the DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI does not indicate a quasi-co-location type in which the DM-RS is quasi co-located with a CSI-RS resource that is not quasi co-located with a synchronization signal block (SSB).

In some embodiments, an apparatus of a UE 102 may comprise memory. The memory may be configurable to store information related to the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS. The memory may store one or more other elements and the apparatus may use them for performance of one or more operations. The apparatus may include processing circuitry, which may perform one or more operations (including but not limited to operation(s) of the method 800 and/or other methods described herein). The processing circuitry may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry and/or the processing circuitry may perform one or more operations described herein, including but not limited to determination of the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS. The apparatus may include a transceiver to receive control signaling. The transceiver may transmit and/or receive other blocks, messages and/or other elements.

At operation 905, the gNB 105 may transmit DCI. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may transmit multiple DCI, including DCI of different DCI formats. In a non-limiting example, the gNB 105 may transmit a first DCI, may then perform one or more operations of the method 900 and/or other operations, and may then transmit a second DCI. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may transmit DCI that may be the same as and/or similar to DCI described regarding the method 800, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

At operation 910, the gNB 105 may transmit control signaling. Examples of control signaling include, but are not limited to, RRC signaling and higher layer signaling. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may transmit control signaling that may be the same as and/or similar to control signaling described regarding the method 800, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

At operation 915, the gNB 105 may determine a time density of phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS) to be transmitted by the UE 102 and/or a time spacing parameter of the PT-RS. At operation 920, the gNB 105 may determine a frequency density of the PT-RS and/or a frequency spacing parameter of the PT-RS. At operation 925, the gNB 105 may transmit the PT-RS. At operation 930, the gNB 105 may refrain from reception of the PT-RS. At operation 935, the gNB 105 may receive a CSI part 1 transmission and/or a CSI part 2 transmission.

At operation 940, the gNB 105 may determine a quasi co-location type for DM-RS of a PDCCH. At operation 945, the gNB 105 may transmit the PDCCH. At operation 950, the UE 102 may determine a quasi co-location type for DM-RS of a PDSCH. At operation 955, the gNB 105 may transmit the PDSCH.

In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may encode a PTRS-UplinkConfig IE to include: a higher layer parameter timeDensity that indicates a plurality of MCS thresholds; and a higher layer parameter frequencyDensity that indicates a plurality of RB thresholds. The gNB 105 may encode, for transmission to a UE 102, control signaling that includes the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE. The gNB 105 may encode, for transmission to the UE 102, DCI that includes a scheduled MCS and a scheduled bandwidth. The gNB 105 may determine a time density of PT-RS to be received from the UE 102. In a non-limiting example, the gNB 105 may determine the time spacing parameter based at least partly on a comparison between the scheduled MCS and the plurality of MCS thresholds. The gNB 105 may determine a frequency density of the PT-RS. In a non-limiting example, the gNB 105 may determine the frequency spacing parameter based at least partly on a comparison between the scheduled bandwidth and the plurality of RB thresholds.

In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may, as part of the determination of the time density of the PT-RS or otherwise, determine a time spacing parameter as: 4 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to a first MCS threshold and is less than a second MCS threshold; 2 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the second MCS threshold and is less than a third MCS threshold; 1 symbol, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the third MCS threshold and is less than a fourth MCS threshold. The gNB 105 may determine that the UE 102 is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold. The gNB 105 may, as part of the determination of the frequency density of the PT-RS or otherwise, determine a frequency spacing parameter as: 2 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to a zeroth RB threshold and is less than a first RB threshold; and 4 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first RB threshold. The gNB 105 may determine that the UE 102 is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth RB threshold. Embodiments are not limited to the above numbers (of RBs, symbols and/or other), to the number of MCS thresholds or to the number of RB thresholds in the above example.

In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may receive PT-RS from the UE 102 in accordance with the determined time spacing parameter and further in accordance with the determined frequency spacing parameter. Consecutive symbols that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of symbols of the time spacing parameter. Consecutive RBs that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of RBs of the frequency spacing parameter.

In some embodiments, an apparatus of a gNB 105 may comprise memory. The memory may be configurable to store information related to the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS. The memory may store one or more other elements and the apparatus may use them for performance of one or more operations. The apparatus may include processing circuitry, which may perform one or more operations (including but not limited to operation(s) of the method 900 and/or other methods described herein). The processing circuitry may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry and/or the processing circuitry may perform one or more operations described herein, including but not limited to determination of the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS. The apparatus may include a transceiver to transmit control signaling. The transceiver may transmit and/or receive other blocks, messages and/or other elements.

FIG. 10 illustrates example operations in accordance with some embodiments. It should be noted that the example shown in FIG. 10 may illustrate some or all of the concepts and techniques described herein in some cases, but embodiments are not limited by the examples. For instance, embodiments are not limited by the name, number, type, size, ordering, arrangement of elements (such as devices, operations, messages and/or other elements) shown in FIG. 10. Although some of the elements shown in the examples of FIG. 10 may be included in a 3GPP LTE standard, 5G standard, NR standard and/or other standard, embodiments are not limited to usage of such elements that are included in standards.

In some embodiments, in a 5G system, Channel State Reference Signal (CSI-RS) for tracking, which may be called Tracking Reference Signal (TRS) herein in some cases, can be used to track time and frequency offset. Its presence may be UE specifically configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Before RRC connection, a synchronization signal block (SSB) may be used for frequency offset tracking. However, after RRC connection, a PDSCH beam may be the same as that applied to CSI-RS for beam management. Then the SSB may not necessarily be used for frequency offset tracking. In that case, TRS may be configured. But it is also possible that the gNB 105 does not configure the TRS.

In some embodiments, a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS), which may be associated with PDSCH, may be used for phase shift compensation in each symbol. Then one possible way for frequency offset tracking is to use the PT-RS if the TRS is not configured. Accordingly, methods to configure the TRS and PT-RS may be used.

Furthermore, the PT-RS time domain density may be determined by the MCS, in some embodiments. But for a UCI report without uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) data, the MCS may be 29, 30 or 31, which only indicates a modulation order, without a coding rate. Then it may not be easy to compare those reserved MCS to configured MCS threshold to determine PT-RS time domain density.

In some embodiments, methods to configure the PT-RS and TRS for frequency offset tracking and to determine the PT-RS pattern for the case when UCI is transmitted on PUSCH without data may be used. Such methods may include, but are not limited to: UE assumption for the reference signal for frequency offset tracking; PT-RS time domain density selection for UCI transmission on PUSCH without UL-SCH; and/or other.

In some embodiments, one or more of the following reference signals may be used for frequency offset tracking: TRS; PT-RS; SSB and/or other. Before RRC connection, the SSB may be used for frequency offset tracking. However after RRC connection, the gNB Tx beam for SSB may be different from that applied to PDSCH. Then the TRS and/or PT-RS may be used. If either is not configured, the UE 102 cannot track the frequency offset, in some cases.

In some embodiments, if either TRS or PT-RS is not configured, the UE 102 should not expect the gNB 105 to indicate the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) that defines the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) of PDSCH is Quasi-Co-Located (QCLed) with a CSI-RS resource which is not QCLed with any SSB.

In some embodiments, if the PT-RS is configured to be ‘ON’, and if the TRS is not configured or the TRS is not configured and the PDSCH beam indication is based on the CSI-RS which is not QCLed with any SSB, the PT-RS may be transmitted (in some embodiments, may always be transmitted) regardless of the scheduled MCS and/or bandwidth. If the TRS is configured or the PDSCH beam indication is based on SSB and/or CSI-RS which is QCLed with SSB, the dynamic presence of PT-RS may be determined by the predefined/configured MCS or bandwidth threshold.

FIG. 10 illustrates a non-limiting example procedure 1000 for the reference signal configuration for frequency offset tracking. Embodiments are not limited by FIG. 10 in terms of name, type, arrangement, order and other aspects of the elements shown in FIG. 10. In some embodiments, similar operations, alternate operations, similar comparisons, alternate comparisons, similar logic, alternate logic and/or other may be used.

In some embodiments, a PT-RS pattern for UCI feedback without UL-SCH on PUSCH may be used. In some embodiments, if a reserved MCS, (in some embodiments, MCS 29, 30, or 31, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect) is configured for the uplink transmission, (including but not limited to UCI transmission on PUSCH without UL-SCH data and/or similar), one or more of the following options (and/or other options) may be used to determine the PT-RS time domain pattern. The options below are referred to as “Option 1,” Option 2,” Option 3,” and Option 4” for clarity, but such references are not limiting.

In Option 1, a PT-RS time domain pattern may be fixed per reserved MCS or for all reserved MCS (for instance, every symbol or every other symbol or every 4^(th) symbol or other). In a non-limiting example, the following description may be used (in a 3GPP specification and/or other): if this DCI is used for transmission of UCI on PUSCH without UL-SCH, the PTRS time-density is fixed to be every symbol.

In Option 2, the PT-RS time domain pattern may be determined by the equivalent MCS, which can be determined by the modulation order as well as the equivalent coding rate, wherein the equivalent coding rate can be determined by a reference payload size (for instance, a reference payload size of CSI part 1 or CSI part 2), reference number of resource elements for the PUSCH transmission and/or other. In some embodiments, the MCS with the same modulation order as the equivalent MCS with the closest coding rate which can be higher or smaller than the equivalent MCS coding rate can be used. Alternatively, a particular MCS with the same modulation order as the equivalent MCS can be used (for instance, the lowest or middle or highest MCS with the same modulation order). The modulation order for the PUSCH (for instance, for CSI part 1 or CSI part 2) may be explicitly indicated in the DCI or may be fixed to one modulation order (for instance, QPSK).

In another option, in cases in which channel state information (CSI) part 1 and Hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) are transmitted on PUSCH without UL-SCH data, the equivalent MCS may be determined based on one or more of: modulation order, reference payload size, allocated resource and/or configured or indicated beta offset of the CSI part 1 and/or other factor(s). Further, in cases in which CSI part 1 and CSI part 2 and HARQ-ACK are transmitted on PUSCH without UL-SCH data, an equivalent MCS may be determined based on one or more of: modulation order, payload size, allocated resource and/or configured or indicated beta offset of the CSI part 1 or reference CSI part 2 and/or other factor(s). In the latter case, the payload size of reference CSI part 2 may be determined assuming that a rank is equal to 1 for all serving cells for which one or multiple (a)periodic CSI report(s) are triggered.

In another option, in cases in which CSI part 1 and CSI part 2 are present on PUSCH without UL-SCH, the equivalent MCS may be determined based on one or more of: modulation order, reference payload size, allocated resource and/or configured or indicated beta offset of the CSI part 1 and/or other factor(s).

In Option 3, when PT-RS is configured, the MCS=29, 30, 31 should not be configured for uplink transmission.

In Option 4, when PT-RS is configured, for transmission of UCI on PUSCH without UL-SCH, the PTRS time-density may be a reference time-density that is pre-defined or indicated via the DCI using one or more of the reserved fields in the DCI (for instance, the code points in redundancy version or HARQ process or other fields) may be used to indicate the PT-RS density. The modulation order for the PUSCH (for instance, for CSI part 1 or CSI part 2) may be indicated in the DCI or may be fixed to one modulation order (for instance, QPSK).

In some embodiments, PUSCH transmissions without UL-SCH may omit PT-RS transmission.

In some embodiments, as the UCI may include two CSI parts and the uplink grant may indicate the MCS for CSI part 1, PT-RS dynamic presence and time domain density (for instance, every symbol, every other symbol or every 4^(th) symbol or other) could be determined by the MCS for CSI part 1. Alternatively, if the MCS for CSI part 2 is indicated by DCI, the PT-RS dynamic presence and time domain density could be determined by the MCS for CSI part 2. It should be noted that the above may be applicable for some cases in which HARQ-ACK, CSI part 1 and part 2 are present on PUSCH without UL-SCH or HARQ-ACK and CSI part 1 are present on PUSCH without UL-SCH.

In some embodiments, the UE 102 may determine the reference signal for frequency offset tracking. In some embodiments, before RRC configuration, the synchronization signal block (SSB) can be used for frequency offset tracking. In some embodiments, after RRC configuration, if the tracking reference signal (TRS) is not configured, the phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) or SSB can be used for frequency offset tracking. In some embodiments, if the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is Quasi-Co-Located (QCLed) with the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) which is not QCLed with any SSB, the PT-RS can be used for frequency offset tracking. In some embodiments, the PT-RS should be transmitted regardless of the scheduled Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) or allocated bandwidth. In some embodiments, if the TRS or SSB is used for frequency offset tracking, the PT-RS dynamic presence can be determined by MCS and allocated bandwidth. In some embodiments, the UE 102 may determine the PT-RS pattern for Uplink Control Information (UCI) report without Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH). In some embodiments, the frequency domain PT-RS pattern may be determined by the allocated bandwidth per bandwidth part. In some embodiments, the time domain PT-RS pattern may be fixed for all the reserved MCS or each reserved MCS. In some embodiments, the time domain PT-RS pattern can be determined by the equivalent MCS. In some embodiments, the equivalent MCS can be determined by the modulation order, and/or reference payload size, and/or reference number of resource elements (REs), and/or configured or indicated beta offset of the CSI part 1 or reference CSI part 2. In some embodiments, the modulation order may be explicitly indicated by DCI or fixed. In some embodiments, when PT-RS is present, the reserved MCS should not be indicated. In some embodiments, the time domain density of PT-RS may be explicitly indicated by DCI. In some embodiments, the time domain density of PT-RS may be indicated by the redundant version (RV) index. In some embodiments, for the UCI report without UL-SCH, the PT-RS is not present. In some embodiments, the PT-RS dynamic presence and time domain density could be determined by the MCS indicated in DCI, which is used for CSI part 1. In some embodiments, the PT-RS dynamic presence and time domain density could be determined by the MCS indicated in DCI, which is used for CSI part 2.

In Example 1, an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE) may comprise memory. The apparatus may further comprise processing circuitry. The processing circuitry may be configured to, when transform precoding is not enabled, and if the UE is configured with a higher layer parameter phaseTrackingRS in a DMRS-UplinkConfig information element (IE): decode, from a Next Generation Node-B (gNB), control signaling that includes a PTRS-UplinkConfig IE; determine a time density of phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) to be transmitted by the UE, the time density of the PT-RS determined based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a plurality of MCS thresholds; determine a frequency density of the PT-RS based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled bandwidth and a plurality of resource block (RB) thresholds, wherein a higher layer parameter timeDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE may indicate the plurality of MCS thresholds, wherein a higher layer parameter frequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE may indicate the plurality of RB thresholds; and encode the PT-RS, in accordance with the determined time density and the determined frequency density, for a transmission of an uplink control information (UCI) report on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) without uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) data.

In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to decode downlink control information (DCI) that includes an uplink grant carrying the scheduled MCS for the transmission of the UCI report on the PUSCH without the UL-SCH data. The UCI report may include hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) and a CSI report. The CSI report may include a CSI part 1 transmission and may be configurable to include a CSI part 2 transmission. The processing circuitry may be further configured to determine the time density of the PT-RS and the frequency density of the PT-RS based at least partly on the scheduled MCS. The processing circuitry may be further configured to encode the HARQ-ACK, the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission for transmission on the PUSCH without the UL-SCH data in accordance with allocated resources that exclude resources for the PT-RS.

In Example 3, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-2, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to decode downlink control information (DCI) that includes an uplink grant that indicates, for the transmission of the UCI report on the PUSCH without the UL-SCH data: the scheduled MCS. The UCI report may include a CSI report. The CSI report may include a CSI part 1 transmission and may be configurable to include a CSI part 2 transmission. The scheduled MCS indicated in the DCI may be for the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission. The processing circuitry may be further configured to determine a code rate and a modulation order based on the scheduled MCS indicated in the DCI. The processing circuitry may be further configured to encode the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission for transmission on the PUSCH without the UL-SCH data in accordance with the determined time density of the PT-RS and the determined frequency density of the PT-RS.

In Example 4, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-3, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to, as part of the determination of the time density of the PT-RS, determine a time spacing parameter as: 4 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to a first MCS threshold and is less than a second MCS threshold; 2 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the second MCS threshold and is less than a third MCS threshold; and 1 symbol, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the third MCS threshold and is less than a fourth MCS threshold. The processing circuitry may be further configured to determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold.

In Example 5, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-4, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to, as part of the determination of the frequency density of the PT-RS, determine a frequency spacing parameter as: 2 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to a zeroth RB threshold and is less than a first RB threshold; and 4 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first RB threshold. The processing circuitry may be further configured to determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth RB threshold.

In Example 6, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-5, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to, if either or both of the higher layer parameters timeDensity and/or frequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE are configured, determine a presence of antenna ports of the PT-RS and pattern as a function of the corresponding scheduled MCS and a scheduled bandwidth in a corresponding scheduled bandwidth, in accordance with: the determined time spacing parameter; the determined frequency spacing parameter; that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold; and that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth MCS threshold.

In Example 7, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-6, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to encode the PT-RS for transmission in accordance with the determined time spacing parameter and further in accordance with the determined frequency spacing parameter. Consecutive symbols that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of symbols of the time spacing parameter. Consecutive RBs that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of RBs of the frequency spacing parameter. The processing circuitry may be further configured to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if it is determined that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS.

In Example 8, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-7, wherein the MCS thresholds may be in a range of MCS-0 through MCS-28 or in a range of MCS-0 through MCS-29. The RB thresholds may be in a range of one RB through 276 RBs.

In Example 9, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-8, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to decode, from the gNB, downlink control information (DCI) that indicates the scheduled MCS.

In Example 10, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-9, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to decode, from the gNB, control signaling that indicates the scheduled bandwidth.

In Example 11, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-10, wherein the processing circuitry may be further configured to decode downlink control information (DCI) that includes an uplink grant that indicates a code rate for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) without uplink shared (UL-SCH) data and a modulation order for the PUSCH without UL-SCH data. The processing circuitry may be further configured to determine the scheduled MCS based on the code rate and the modulation order of the DCI.

In Example 12, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-11, wherein the UE may be arranged to operate in accordance with a new radio (NR) protocol.

In Example 13, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-12, wherein the apparatus may include a transceiver to receive the control signaling. The processing circuitry may include a baseband processor to determine the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS. The memory may be configured to store information related to the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS.

In Example 14, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may store instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a Next Generation Node-B (gNB). The operations may configure the processing circuitry to encode a PTRS-UplinkConfig IE to include: a higher layer parameter timeDensity that indicates a plurality of MCS thresholds, and a higher layer parameter frequencyDensity that indicates a plurality of RB thresholds. The operations may further configure the processing circuitry to encode, for transmission to a User Equipment (UE), control signaling that includes the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE. The operations may further configure the processing circuitry to encode, for transmission to the UE, downlink control information (DCI) that includes a scheduled modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a scheduled bandwidth. The operations may further configure the processing circuitry to determine a time density of phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) to be received from the UE. The time spacing parameter may be determined based at least partly on a comparison between the scheduled MCS and the plurality of MCS thresholds. The operations may further configure the processing circuitry to determine a frequency density of the PT-RS. The frequency spacing parameter may be determined based at least partly on a comparison between the scheduled bandwidth and the plurality of resource block (RB) thresholds.

In Example 15, the subject matter of Example 14, wherein the operations may further configure the processing circuitry to, as part of the determination of the time density of the PT-RS, determine a time spacing parameter as: 4 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to a first MCS threshold and is less than a second MCS threshold; 2 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the second MCS threshold and is less than a third MCS threshold; and 1 symbol, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the third MCS threshold and is less than a fourth MCS threshold. The operations may further configure the processing circuitry to determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold. The operations may further configure the processing circuitry to, as part of the determination of the frequency density of the PT-RS, determine a frequency spacing parameter as: 2 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to a zeroth RB threshold and is less than a first RB threshold, and 4 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first RB threshold. The operations may further configure the processing circuitry to determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth RB threshold.

In Example 16, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 14-15, wherein the operations may further configure the processing circuitry to decode the PT-RS. The PT-RS may be received from the UE in accordance with the determined time spacing parameter and further in accordance with the determined frequency spacing parameter. Consecutive symbols that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of symbols of the time spacing parameter. Consecutive RBs that include the PT-RS may be spaced by the number of RBs of the frequency spacing parameter.

In Example 17, an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE) may comprise memory. The apparatus may further comprise processing circuitry. The processing circuitry may be configured to decode, from a Next Generation Node-B (gNB), control signaling that includes a PDSCH-Config information element (IE) that configures the UE with a list of up to M Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states to decode a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) according to a detected physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with downlink control information (DCI) intended for the UE and a given serving cell, wherein M depends on a capability of the UE. Each TCI state may include one or more parameters for configuring a quasi-colocation relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) ports of the PDSCH. The processing circuitry may be further configured to decode, from the gNB, downlink control information (DCI) that indicates a TCI state, from the list of TCI states, to be used by the UE. The processing circuitry may be further configured to detect the PDCCH. For DM-RS of the PDCCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is one of: QCL-TypeA and QCL-TypeD. The processing circuitry may be further configured to decode the PDSCH. For DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is one of: QCL-TypeA and QCL-TypeD.

In Example 18, the subject matter of Example 17, wherein for the DM-RS of the PDCCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is: QCL-TypeA with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSI-RS resource; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with a higher layer parameter repetition; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured without the higher layer parameter trs-Info and without the higher layer parameter repetition, when QCL-TypeD is not applicable.

In Example 19, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 17-18, wherein for the DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI may indicate a quasi co-location type that is: QCL-TypeA with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSI-RS resource; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with a higher layer parameter repetition; or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured without the higher layer parameter trs-Info and without the higher layer parameter repetition and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSi-RS resource.

In Example 20, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 17-19, wherein if either CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS resource set or phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS) is not configured: for the DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI does not indicate a quasi-co-location type in which the DM-RS is quasi co-located with a CSI-RS resource that is not quasi co-located with a synchronization signal block (SSB).

The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: memory; and processing circuitry, configured to: when transform precoding is not enabled, and if the UE is configured with a higher layer parameter phaseTrackingRS in a DMRS-UplinkConfig information element (IE): decode, from a Next Generation Node-B (gNB), control signaling that includes a PTRS-UplinkConfig IE; determine a time density of phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) to be transmitted by the UE, the time density of the PT-RS determined based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a plurality of MCS thresholds; determine a frequency density of the PT-RS based at least partly on a comparison between a scheduled bandwidth and a plurality of resource block (RB) thresholds, wherein a higher layer parameter timeDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE indicates the plurality of MCS thresholds, wherein a higher layer parameter frequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE indicates the plurality of RB thresholds; and encode the PT-RS, in accordance with the time density of the PT-RS and the frequency density of the PT-RS, for a transmission of an uplink control information (UCI) report on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) without uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) data.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to: decode downlink control information (DCI) that includes an uplink grant carrying the scheduled MCS for the transmission of the UCI report, wherein the UCI report includes hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) and a CSI report, wherein the CSI report includes a CSI part 1 transmission and is configurable to include a CSI part 2 transmission; determine the time density of the PT-RS and the frequency density of the PT-RS based at least partly on the scheduled MCS; and encode the HARQ-ACK, the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission for transmission on the PUSCH without UL-SCH data in accordance with allocated resources that exclude resources for the PT-RS.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to: decode downlink control information (DCI) that includes an uplink grant that indicates, for the transmission of the UCI report, the scheduled MCS, wherein the UCI report includes a CSI report, wherein the CSI report includes a CSI part 1 transmission and is configurable to include a CSI part 2 transmission, wherein the scheduled MCS indicated in the DCI is for the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission; determine a code rate and a modulation order based on the scheduled MCS indicated in the DCI; and encode the CSI part 1 transmission and/or the CSI part 2 transmission for transmission on the PUSCH without UL-SCH data in accordance with the time density of the PT-RS and the frequency density of the PT-RS.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to: as part of the determination of the time density of the PT-RS, determine a time spacing parameter as: 4 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to a first MCS threshold and is less than a second MCS threshold, 2 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the second MCS threshold and is less than a third MCS threshold, and 1 symbol, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the third MCS threshold and is less than a fourth MCS threshold; and determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, the processing circuitry further configured to: as part of the determination of the frequency density of the PT-RS, determine a frequency spacing parameter as: 2 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to a zeroth RB threshold and is less than a first RB threshold, and 4 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first RB threshold; and determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth RB threshold.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, the processing circuitry further configured to: if either or both of the higher layer parameters timeDensity and/or frequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE are configured, determine a presence of antenna ports of the PT-RS and pattern as a function of the scheduled MCS and a scheduled bandwidth in a corresponding scheduled bandwidth, in accordance with: the time spacing parameter, the frequency spacing parameter, that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold, and that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than a zeroth MCS threshold.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 5, the processing circuitry further configured to: encode the PT-RS for transmission in accordance with the time spacing parameter and further in accordance with the frequency spacing parameter, wherein consecutive symbols that include the PT-RS are spaced by the number of symbols of the time spacing parameter, wherein consecutive RBs that include the PT-RS are spaced by the number of RBs of the frequency spacing parameter; and refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if it is determined that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the MCS thresholds are in a range of MCS-0 through MCS-28 or in a range of MCS-0 through MCS-29, and the RB thresholds are in a range of one RB through 276 RBs.
 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to: decode, from the gNB, downlink control information (DCI) that indicates the scheduled MCS.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to: decode, from the gNB, control signaling that indicates the scheduled bandwidth.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to: decode downlink control information (DCI) that includes an uplink grant that indicates a code rate for the PUSCH without UL-SCH data and a modulation order for the PUSCH without UL-SCH data; and determine the scheduled MCS based on the code rate and the modulation order.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the UE is arranged to operate in accordance with a new radio (NR) protocol.
 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the apparatus includes a transceiver to receive the control signaling, the processing circuitry includes a baseband processor to determine the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS, and the memory is configured to store information related to the time density of the PT-RS and/or the frequency density of the PT-RS.
 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a Next Generation Node-B (gNB), the instructions to configure the processing circuitry to: encode a PTRS-UplinkConfig IE to include: a higher layer parameter timeDensity that indicates a plurality of MCS thresholds, and a higher layer parameter frequencyDensity that indicates a plurality of resource block (RB) thresholds; encode, for transmission to a User Equipment (UE), control signaling that includes the PTRS-UplinkConfig IE; encode, for transmission to the UE, downlink control information (DCI) that includes a scheduled modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a scheduled bandwidth; determine a time density of phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) to be received from the UE, the time spacing density determined based at least partly on a comparison between the scheduled MCS and the plurality of MCS thresholds; and determine a frequency density of the PT-RS, the frequency spacing parameter determined based at least partly on a comparison between the scheduled bandwidth and the plurality of RB thresholds.
 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 14, the instructions to further configure the processing circuitry to: as part of the determination of the time density of the PT-RS, determine a time spacing parameter as: 4 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to a first MCS threshold and is less than a second MCS threshold, 2 symbols, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the second MCS threshold and is less than a third MCS threshold, and 1 symbol, if the scheduled MCS is greater than or equal to the third MCS threshold and is less than a fourth MCS threshold; determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled MCS is less than the first MCS threshold; as part of the determination of the frequency density of the PT-RS, determine a frequency spacing parameter as: 2 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to a zeroth RB threshold and is less than a first RB threshold, and 4 RBs, if the scheduled bandwidth is greater than or equal to the first RB threshold; and determine that the UE is to refrain from transmission of the PT-RS if the scheduled bandwidth is less than the zeroth RB threshold.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, the instructions to further configure the processing circuitry to: decode the PT-RS, the PT-RS received from the UE in accordance with the time spacing parameter and further in accordance with the frequency spacing parameter, wherein consecutive symbols that include the PT-RS are spaced by the number of symbols of the time spacing parameter, wherein consecutive RBs that include the PT-RS are spaced by the number of RBs of the frequency spacing parameter.
 17. An apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: memory; and processing circuitry, configured to: decode, from a Next Generation Node-B (gNB), control signaling that includes a PDSCH-Config information element (IE) that configures the UE with a list of up to M Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states to decode a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) according to a detected physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with downlink control information (DCI) intended for the UE and a given serving cell, wherein M depends on a capability of the UE, wherein each TCI state includes one or more parameters for configuring a quasi-colocation relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) ports of the PDSCH; decode, from the gNB, downlink control information (DCI) that indicates a TCI state, from the list of up to M TCI states, to be used by the UE; detect the PDCCH, wherein for DM-RS of the PDCCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI indicates a quasi co-location type that is one of: QCL-TypeA and QCL-TypeD; and decode the PDSCH, wherein for DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI indicates a quasi co-location type that is one of: QCL-TypeA and QCL-TypeD.
 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein: for the DM-RS of the PDCCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI indicates a quasi co-location type that is: QCL-TypeA with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSI-RS resource, or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with a higher layer parameter repetition, or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured without the higher layer parameter trs-Info and without the higher layer parameter repetition, when QCL-TypeD is not applicable.
 19. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein: for the DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI indicates a quasi co-location type that is: QCL-TypeA with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSI-RS resource, or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with the higher layer parameter trs-Info and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured with a higher layer parameter repetition, or QCL-TypeA with a CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured without the higher layer parameter trs-Info and without the higher layer parameter repetition and, when applicable, QCL-TypeD with the same CSI-RS resource.
 20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein: if either CSI-RS resource in an NZP-CSI-RS resource set or phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS) is not configured, for the DM-RS of the PDSCH, the TCI indicated in the DCI does not indicate a quasi-co-location type in which the DM-RS is quasi co-located with a CSI-RS resource that is not quasi co-located with a synchronization signal block (SSB). 